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Date: April 29, 2024 Mon
Time: 8:52 pm
Time: 8:52 pm
Results for reoffending (u.k.)
6 results foundAuthor: Howard, Philip Title: Hazards of Different Types of Reoffending Summary: The study examined patterns of reoffending using combined Offender Assessment System (OASys) and Police National Computer (PNC) data. Reoffending patterns were studied in terms of their hazards: the chance of reoffending in a given time period if reoffending had not occurred in an earlier time period. The results demonstrated that the hazards for all types of reoffending were highest in the first few months following sentence/discharge, but some types of reoffending had a much more persistent hazard than others. The value of the OASys reoffending predictors in segmenting different types of reoffending according to risk was also demonstrated. The findings could be combined with existing literature on offender treatment to inform the delivery of interventions and supervision designed to reduce reoffending. Details: London: Ministry of Justice, 2011. 43p. Source: Internet Resource: Ministry of Justice Research Series 3/11: Accessed May 10, 2011 at: http://www.ohrn.nhs.uk/resource/policy/Hazardsofreoffending.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.ohrn.nhs.uk/resource/policy/Hazardsofreoffending.pdf Shelf Number: 121691 Keywords: Offender TreatmentRecidivismRehabilitationReoffending (U.K.) |
Author: Wong, Kevin Title: Increasing the voluntary and community sector's involvement in Integrated Offender Management Summary: Integrated Offender Management (IOM) aims to reduce re-offending through local agencies taking a partnership approach to the management of repeat offenders. As part of an undertaking to increase voluntary and community sector (VCS) involvement in service delivery, the Home Office set up an initiative to provide small grants to VCS organisations to work with IOM partnerships. The initiative used the expertise of the national VCS umbrella body, Clinks, to develop and administer the grants scheme. This ‘hands-off’ approach to delivering centrally funded resources was considered to be innovative within a criminal justice setting. The Home Office commissioned an evaluation of the initiative which aimed to: explore the strengths and weaknesses of the funding model; identify perceived barriers and facilitators to voluntary and community sector involvement in IOM; explore how the Home Office might best work with the VCS to encourage and support their capacity to work in partnership with statutory agencies; and identify any implications for the delivery of future similar projects. Details: London: Home Office, 2012. 31p. Source: Research Report 59: Internet Resource: Accessed March 13, 2012 at http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/publications/science-research-statistics/research-statistics/crime-research/horr59/horr59-report?view=Binary Year: 2012 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/publications/science-research-statistics/research-statistics/crime-research/horr59/horr59-report?view=Binary Shelf Number: 124518 Keywords: Community Participation (U.K.)Offender Management (U.K.)Reoffending (U.K.) |
Author: Ipsos MORI Title: Evaluation of the London Youth Reducing Reoffending Programme (Daedalus) - Emerging Findings Summary: The London Youth Reducing Reoffending Programme (Daedalus) (LYRRP (Daedalus)) aims to support young people due to be released from custody by moving them into sustainable education, training or employment and to ensure that they have suitable accommodation upon release. Offering such support is expected to lead to better re-integration into their communities and access to mainstream and specialist support services; and consequently a reduction in youth re-offending rates and serious youth violence in London. The London Criminal Justice Partnership (London CJP) has commissioned Ipsos MORI to evaluate the LYRRP (Daedalus). The research aims to identify the means to which the enhanced resettlement programme which commences within the Heron Unit, at Feltham YOI, and offers continued support in the community by the Resettlement Brokers, contributes to a reduction in re-offending and addresses the risk factors associated with offending behaviour. This report covers some of the emerging findings from the evaluation, with a specific focus on the experiences of young people. The interim evaluation report due in late 2010 will cover in detail the process of the programme (set up and delivery) as well as building on the findings around the experiences of – and outcomes for – the young people. The final report is due in March 2012, and will include a reconviction study and a cost benefit analysis. Details: London: Ipsos MORI, 2010. 27p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 21, 2012 at http://www.londoncjp.gov.uk/publications/2010_06_02_LYRRPEmergingFindingsRpt.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.londoncjp.gov.uk/publications/2010_06_02_LYRRPEmergingFindingsRpt.pdf Shelf Number: 126081 Keywords: Evaluative StudiesJuvenile Offenders (U.K.)Recidivism (U.K.)Reoffending (U.K.) |
Author: Turner, Russell Title: Thinking about Re-offending: Reductions in reconviction rates for offenders on the Enhanced Thinking Skills (ETS) programme. Summary: The Enhanced Thinking Skills (ETS) programme has been operating in West Yorkshire for over 5 years and 2005/6 saw 882 offenders ordered to attend the programme. This is a sizeable investment in accredited programmes as a method to tackle general offending behaviour. National research on the effectiveness of programmes such as ETS is still in its infancy and at present gives mixed results. How well an area delivers its programmes may in part cause this. There has been much local research in West Yorkshire on programme implementation and delivery but none on the impact on reconviction. This report aimed to provide data on the impact upon reconviction during a two-year follow-up period on a sample of 298 offenders ordered to attend the programme mainly during 2002/3 as part of a Community Rehabilitation Order (CRO) or Community Punishment & Rehabilitation Order. Reconviction data was also obtained on a comparison group of 182 offenders who were either eligible to attend the programme or likely to have been eligible to attend, but were given a CRO without an ETS condition during the same period. Reconviction data from the Home Office could not be matched for 11% (n=51) of the cases: 9% (n=28) from the ETS sample and 13% (n=23) from the comparison group. The remaining samples – 264 ETS offenders and 157 comparison offenders – differed on several key aspects. Predicted reconviction rates, as given by the Offender Group Reconviction Scale (OGRS), were lower for the comparison sample at 50.5, compared to 63.6 for the ETS sample. The comparison sample was on average slightly older with an average age of 28.6 compared to 26.4, and proportionately had more women: 29% (n=46) compared to 13% (n=34) in the ETS sample. Lower predicted rates were also found for the comparison group when men and women were considered separately. The relationship between these factors - OGRS, age, and gender - and reconviction is complex but taken together strongly suggests that we would expect the comparison sample to have lower reconviction rates than the ETS sample, even if the ETS sample do better than expected using their predicted reconviction rate. Conversely, the ETS sample had a lower actual reconviction rate than the comparison sample: 60.6% were reconvicted within two years compared to 66.2% of the comparison sample, a difference of 5.6%. This difference was not sufficient to be statistically significant with this sample and may have arisen due to chance. The actual reconviction rate for the ETS sample was also 3% lower than their predicted rate, whilst the rate for the comparison group was 16% higher than their predicted rate. A ‘true’ reduction for the ETS group, from predicted to actual reconviction rate, is very likely to be between 0.6% and 5.4%, based on this sample. Clearly, this ranges between a negligible effect to one in line with national targets, i.e. the Government’s 5% reduction in reconviction. The 3% difference found for this West Yorkshire sample might be indicative of a ‘real’ difference in the behaviour of these offenders, compared to what was expected. However, these rates are based on all offenders sentenced to ETS. The reconviction rate halves to 33% for those offenders who complete the programme, compared to 73% for the combined non-completers. This difference is statistically significant and also stands when differences in predicted reconviction rates between the completers and non-completers are taken into account. Additionally, the completers’ actual reconviction rate is 25% points lower than their predicted rate, whereas the non-completers do show any improvement effect. This strongly suggests that the ETS programme in West Yorkshire helps reduce reconviction providing offenders complete the programme. What this research does not address however is the relationship between a ‘treated’ offender profile (see Friendship et al., 2003) and reductions in reconvictions, i.e. to what extent did ETS change offenders’ thinking, and their subsequent behaviour? A third of offenders sentenced to ETS had OGRS scores over 75. These offenders may have had additional conditions imposed to address their risk of re-offending, as opposed to simply being poor-targeting. When different risk-bands are considered separately, only the medium-high risk offenders reconvict less than expected. The medium-low offenders’ reconviction rate is 5.5% higher than that given by OGRS, although it is 9% lower than the comparison group. The medium-high risk offenders, on the other hand, have an actual rate some 8% lower than the predicted rate and 25% lower than the comparison group. Whilst this implies that ETS has a stronger effect on medium-high risk offenders, it reaffirms the need for correct targeting. Whilst reconviction rates for each age-band in the ETS sample are between 2% and 7% lower than the comparison sample, they are not lower than the predicted rates in all age-bands. Indeed, only the 18-20 age-group shows a reliable effect with the reconviction rate for this group being nearly 9% lower than predicted. The other three age-groups do not show any notable effect. This suggests that the ETS programme in West Yorkshire had a greater impact upon reconviction rates for younger offenders. It may well be the case that the older a recidivist offender gets, the more likely they have experienced ETS or a similar intervention, and the less effective a repeat experience will be. The ETS offenders who did reconvict had, on average, higher OGRS scores than those who did not, but did not differ in age from offenders who did not reconvict. This again highlights the need for correct targeting of offenders for ETS: nearly half (48%) of the cases who did reconvict had OGRS scores of 75 and over, whereas of those who did not reconvict only 16% had high OGRS scores. Given that offenders who complete the programme have much lower reconviction rates, it would be useful to see if the effects of age and risk upon reconviction found in this study on all offenders sentenced are also found for completers and non-completers. Much larger samples of completers than obtained in this study would be necessary to run reliable statistical analyses. The ETS offenders had lower actual reconviction rates for both men and women. These differences were too small to be found statistically significant with these samples and may have arisen due to chance. The difference between the comparison and the ETS samples’ actual reconviction rates is larger for the men: -7.6% compared to -2.1% for the women. When actual reconviction rates are compared against the predicted rates, it appears that only men in the ETS sample reconvict less than expected. Much caution is needed with the difference for the women due to the low numbers of women in the samples overall but this might suggest that although receiving ETS is better than not for both sexes, the programme in West Yorkshire is less effective with women than with men. Further research with larger samples of women is needed. The average on-set time to the first reoffence was 189 days for the ETS sample and 233 days for the comparison sample. This difference was not statistically significant suggesting no real difference in how quickly the two samples began reoffending again. However, during the first year the comparison group’s reconviction rate was lower than the ETS group’s rate, at a maximum of 6.5% lower 5 months after being sentenced. This trend reversed at approximately 8-9 months when the ETS group’s reconviction rate began to slow, falling below the comparison group’s rate after one year. By 18 months the ETS group’s reconviction rate was at its maximum difference of 6.6% lower than the comparison group. Poor targeting may in part cause this: offenders with higher OGRS scores reoffend faster in both samples and the ETS sample had higher proportions of these offenders. However, we can also theorise that the decrease in reoffending rate at the 8-9 month point is linked to offenders completing the programme, as the average time to completion was 7 months and offenders who complete have lower reconviction rates than predicted. A criticism of reconviction studies is that just one reconviction is necessary, perhaps for a relatively minor offence, for the offender to be counted as ‘reconvicted’. Considering the volume or frequency of reconvictions over a two-year period and the seriousness of these provides another more sensitive measure of reconviction. To look at frequency and seriousness however, each offender needs to have an equivalent period of two-years at liberty to reoffend, i.e. not in prison. Due to the time-frame of this study, this resulted in 90 offenders being excluded from frequency and seriousness analyses as they were in custody. Cases ‘lost to custody’ – 23% (n=70) from the ETS sample and 12% (n=21) from the comparison group – had higher OGRS scores than the remaining cases: 11% and 12% points for the comparison and ETS samples respectively. This suggests that the remaining ETS sample used in this part of the study is slightly skewed towards medium-high risk offenders and actual figures should be used with much caution. However, as the difference in OGRS scores between cases lost to custody and the final sample was proportionately the same the comparison between the two samples is not necessarily jeopardised by the exclusion of these cases. The ETS sample was responsible for more reconvictions and offences, on average per reconvicted offender. The ETS sample had an average of 2.26 reconvictions, compared to 2.05 for the comparison sample, although this difference is not sufficient to be statistically significant. The comparison sample also had a higher proportion of offenders with only 1 reconviction, this being 54.1% of those who reconvicted, compared to 41.5% in the ETS sample. It might be the case that more offences were committed by the ETS sample but done so by a smaller number of offenders. However this conjecture cannot be statistically confirmed or refuted due to the smaller number of offenders who actually did reconvict. For the purpose of this study, a quick and systematic method was used to gauge the seriousness of a reconviction using the courts’ view of seriousness as determined by the disposal given. This enabled a robust comparison between the two samples; it was not intended to make a theoretical point about offence seriousness per se. Approximately 39% of both samples’ reoffences were more serious than the index offence, whilst the ETS group had slightly higher proportions (+6.5%) of less serious reoffences than the comparison group. The comparison group had similarly higher proportions of same-seriousness reoffences. This implies that the reoffending committed by the ETS sample is no worse than that of the comparison group. Details: Wakefield, UK: West Yorkshire Probation Service, 2006. 40p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 5, 2013 at: http://www.westyorksprobation.org.uk/documentlist.php?type=1&year=2006 Year: 2006 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.westyorksprobation.org.uk/documentlist.php?type=1&year=2006 Shelf Number: 128272 Keywords: Community-Based Corrections Cognitive SkillsEnhanced Thinking SkillsProbationersRecidivismReoffending (U.K.) |
Author: London Councils Title: Reducing Reoffending in London: Why investing in local solutions will deliver Summary: Reducing reoffending is critical to both protecting communities from crime and to delivering a more effective and economic justice system. This report argues that, to get the best outcomes, we need a system that puts assertive locally rooted co-ordination at its heart. Prison populations have steadily increased in England and Wales, from an average of 64,601 in 2000 to 86,634 in 2012. Reoffenders contribute to this. Reoffending is also costly to the public purse; handling an individual reconviction could cost the public as much as L65,000 followed by up to $37,500 per year in prison. The 2010 National Audit Office report, Managing Offenders on Short Custodial Sentences, estimated that in 2007/08, the total cost to the economy of crime committed by offenders who had served short term sentences (less than 12 months) was between L9.5 billion and L13 billion. Reducing crime and improving community safety are critical to London local government's role in building and sustaining safe and prosperous communities. A key element of this is the rehabilitation of offenders. We believe that this is best achieved through coordinated local services that are rooted in local democratic and accountability structures. More broadly, local government has a significant role in tackling crime and reducing offending. Details: London: London Councils, 2013. 36p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 5, 2014 at http://www.londoncouncils.gov.uk/London%20Councils/Crime%20and%20Public%20Protection/LondonCouncilsReducingReoffendinginLondonreport.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.londoncouncils.gov.uk/London%20Councils/Crime%20and%20Public%20Protection/LondonCouncilsReducingReoffendinginLondonreport.pdf Shelf Number: 132418 Keywords: RecidivismRecidivism, Prevention (U.K.)RehabilitationReoffending (U.K.) |
Author: Bryant, Stephanie Title: Reoffending analysis of MAPPA eligible offenders Summary: Established in 2001, as an initiative to improve and strengthen monitoring of convicted sexual and violent offenders, Multi-Agency Public Protection Arrangements (MAPPA) primary focus is public protection and the prevention of serious harm through reductions in serious reoffending. This report details research that builds on a 2011 comparison study of reconviction rates of MAPPA eligible offenders between 1998 and 2004, and updates the findings using rates of proven reoffending as a more accurate indicator of offending behavior. The analysis used data from the Police National Computer (PNC) held by the Ministry of Justice (MOJ) and Prison Discharge Statistics to form cohorts of offenders from the calendar years 2000 to 2010. Findings suggest that MAPPA may be making a positive contribution to managing offenders convicted of serious offences - with reduction in serious further offences indicated. Details: London: Ministry of Justice, 2015. 37p. Source: Internet Resource: Ministry of Justice Analytical Series: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/407139/reoffending-analysis-of-mappa-eligible-offenders.pdf Year: 2015 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/407139/reoffending-analysis-of-mappa-eligible-offenders.pdf Shelf Number: 134672 Keywords: Multi-Agency Public Protection ArrangementsRecidivismReoffending (U.K.)Sex OffendersViolent Offenders |